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Duck feed preparation and precautions
Due to the development and application of modern breeding technology, the production performance of ducks has been greatly improved than before, and the requirements for feed and nutrition are also higher. On the other hand, feed accounts for 60-80% of the total cost of duck production, and its importance Sex is obvious. Therefore, duck producers with self-made feeds must understand the role of various nutrients and their exact content in various feeds. With reference to feeding standards, the best rations that can meet the nutritional needs of ducks at different stages must be prepared. Reduce feeding costs and increase economic efficiency. The general principles of duck feed preparation (1) should be adapted to local conditions. To use local feed resources as much as possible, we must not only consider the nutritional value, but also pay attention to low prices to reduce costs. (2) The combined diet should be close to the feeding standards so as not to cause nutritional deficiency or excess, resulting in the occurrence of certain nutritional deficiencies or economic losses. All poultry are “eat by energy.†When the energy level of the feed is high, the feed intake is small; when the feed energy level is low, the feed intake is high. Therefore, the proportion of protein and energy in the duck feed must be balanced, otherwise it will increase the consumption of feed. (3) Pay attention to the quality and palatability of the diet and avoid using mildew or raw materials containing harmful substances to prepare the diet. Each time the preparation of feed should not be too much, it is advisable to eat within 7-10 days and keep the feed fresh. (4) All kinds of feeds must be fully mixed, especially various additives such as multivitamins, trace elements and drugs, and even more attention should be paid to mix well, otherwise it will cause adverse consequences. (5) The diet should have relative stability. When it must be changed, it is better to have a one-week transitional period. Especially at the peak of egg production should pay attention. (6) The content of crude fiber in the diet should not be too high, generally not exceeding 5%, preferably around 3%. (7) As many as possible feed types should be used in conjunction with the diet in order to complement each other and complement each other. Problems to be noted in the process of duck feed preparation and preservation (1) Ducks often eat fresh mollusks such as fish, shrimp, and small snails. These animals contain a substance called thiamine that can destroy vitamin B1, so ducks are very easy. Vitamin B1 deficiency occurs. The disease occurs mostly in young ducklings and often occurs within 2 weeks of age. Therefore, in the case of ducks able to eat aquatic animals, it is necessary to increase the vitamin B1 content in the diet, especially in ducklings. (2) Vitamin D deficiency often occurs in laying ducks, which is caused by insufficient supply of vitamin D in the diet or insufficient exposure of the birds to sunlight. Diseased waterfowl showed poor growth and development, feathers were unorganized, dull, and production decreased. Shells and soft shells were produced, and eggshells were easily broken. Therefore, it is often necessary to additionally add cod liver oil or vitamin A, D3, E, etc. to the duck feed. (3) Ducks usually lay eggs in the early morning. Therefore, ducks must maintain a high calcium concentration in the early morning, otherwise they will produce sand shell eggs, misshapen eggs, and even cause decreased egg production. When preparing egg-laying duck feeds, it is necessary to have a fast-absorbing calcium source and a slowly-absorbing calcium source. Stone powder and shell powder are usually used as calcium sources at the same time. (4) Feed ingredients and prepared feed should be stored in ventilated, dark, and dry places to avoid oxidation of fat in the feed and damage to vitamin A and vitamin E. Place a layer of moisture-proof material between the feed and the ground to prevent feed build-up and mildew. Moldy feed is prone to cause duck poisoning, pupa and so on. In addition, the feed store should pay attention to pest control and rodent damage. Source: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.